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----
-title: "FreeBSD email server - Part 1: Preparations"
-date: 2016-10-31 07:57:50
-tags: Tutorial FreeBSD Email
-layout: post
----
-
-This tutorial is devised into multiple chapters to make it more manageable, and
-to be able to better explain why certain parts are needed.
-
-The tutorial is created out of experience setting up my own email server. I have
-read through quite a lot of documentation so you do not have to. Nonetheless, I
-would recommend doing so. Email business is a tricky one, with a lot of moving
-parts that have to fit into each other. Knowing how exactly each part works will
-greatly help understanding why they are needed in a proper email server.
-Besides that, it will make your life a lot more enjoyable if you want to tweak
-some things after this tutorial.
-
-To kick off, some preparations should be done before you start on setting up
-your own email server.
-
-## DNS setup
-Some DNS setup is required for mail. Most importantly, the MX records of a
-domain. Be sure you have a domain available, otherwise, get one. There are
-plenty of registrars and the price is pretty low for most domains. If you want
-to look hip, get a `.email` TLD for your email server.
-
-For the DNS records themselves, make sure you have an `A` record pointing to
-the server IP you're going to use.  If you have an IPv6 address, set up an
-`AAAA` record as well. Mail uses the `MX` DNS records. Make one with the value
-`10 @`. If you have multiple servers, you can make MX records for these as
-well, but replace the `10` with a higher value each time (`20`, `30`, etc).
-These will be used as fallback, in case the server with pointed to by the `10`
-record is unavailable.
-
-## PostgreSQL
-Next up you will have to install and configure [PostgreSQL][postgres]. Although
-using a database is not required, this tutorial will make use of one. Using a
-database makes administration easier and allows you to add a pretty basic web
-interface for this task.
-
-### Installation
-Since the tutorial uses FreeBSD 11, you can install PostgreSQL easily by running
-
-{% highlight sh %}
-pkg install postgresql96-server
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-### Starting up
-In order to start Postfix, you should enable the system service for it. This
-way, `service` can be used to easily manage it. In addition, it will start
-automatically on boot.
-
-{% highlight sh %}
-echo 'postgresql_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf.local
-service postgresql start
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-### Database initialization
-Since PostgreSQL is a little different than the more popular [MySQL][mysql], I
-will guide you through setting up the database as well. To begin, switch user
-to `postgres`, which is the default administrative user for PostgreSQL. Then
-simply open up the PostgreSQL CLI.
-
-{% highlight sh %}
-su postgres
-psql
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-Once you are logged in to PostgreSQL, create a new user which will hold
-ownership of the database and make a database for this user.
-
-{% highlight sql %}
-CREATE USER postfix WITH PASSWORD 'incredibly-secret!';
-CREATE DATABASE mail WITH OWNER postfix;
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-Once this is done, create the tables which will hold some of our configuration
-data.
-
-#### domains
-{% highlight sql %}
-CREATE TABLE domains (
-    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
-    PRIMARY KEY (name)
-);
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-#### users
-{% highlight sql %}
-CREATE TABLE users (
-    local VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
-    domain VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
-    password VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
-    PRIMARY KEY (local, domain),
-    FOREIGN KEY (domain) REFERENCES domains(name) ON DELETE CASCADE
-);
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-#### aliases
-{% highlight sql %}
-CREATE TABLE aliases (
-    domain VARCHAR(255),
-    origin VARCHAR(256),
-    destination VARCHAR(256),
-    PRIMARY KEY (origin, destination),
-    FOREIGN KEY (domain) REFERENCES domains(name) ON DELETE CASCADE
-);
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-## Let's Encrypt
-### Installation
-Installing the [Let's Encrypt][letsencrypt] client is just as straightforward
-as the PostgreSQL database, using `pkg`.
-
-{% highlight sh %}
-pkg install py27-certbot
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-### Getting a certificate
-Requesting a certificate requires your DNS entries to properly resolve. If they
-do not resolve yet, Let's Encrypt will bother you with errors. If they do
-resolve correctly, use `certbot` to get your certificate.
-
-{% highlight sh %}
-certbot certonly --standalone -d domain.tld
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-## Conclusion
-This should be everything required to get started on setting up your own email
-server. Continue to [part 2][part-2] of this series to start setting up
-Postfix.
-
-[freebsd]: https://www.freebsd.org/
-[letsencrypt]: https://letsencrypt.org/
-[mysql]: https://www.mysql.com/
-[part-2]: {{ "/post/2016/10/31/freebsd-mailserver-part-2-mailing-with-postfix/" | prepend: site.baseurl }}
-[postgres]: https://www.postgresql.org/